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War and Peace in Islam: Citizenship and residency visas

by islamciv

Continuing our series on war and peace in Islam, there is confusion over the classical ‘covenant of security’ and when it applies and when it breaks. This will be continued over a number of articles as it’s a very important topic to be understood in light of the historical attrocities that have been committed in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Citizenship and residency visas are...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, War and Peace

Latest Articles

February 5, 2026

War and Peace in Islam: Citizenship and residency visas

February 5, 2026

What is an Islamic Society?

February 5, 2026

The Ummah’s Political Representatives (Ahlul hali wal...

February 5, 2026

4 ways of appointing a caliph

February 5, 2026

Bay’ah through Domination

February 5, 2026

Devolution in an Islamic State

February 5, 2026

Election of Amirs in the Prophet’s ﷺ State in Medina

February 5, 2026

Shura on Government Appointments

February 5, 2026

How is a caliphate divided up?

The Bay'ah

February 5, 2026

4 ways of appointing a caliph

Dr. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili (d.2015) mentions four ways of appointing a caliph. He says, “The Fuqaha’ of Islam have mentioned four ways...

by islamciv
February 5, 2026

Bay’ah through Domination

The last way of appointing a caliph by the ummah is where a usurper or dominant sultan takes power...

by islamciv
October 15, 2025

Rethinking the Wali Al-‘Ahd (Designated Successor)

Continuing our series on the bay’ah, one of the core issues which needs to be addressed is how to...

by islamciv
May 8, 2023

Uthman bin Affan’s bay’a: Binding the Caliph to a constitution

The bay’a is a contract and so it’s permitted to add additional conditions to the contract, as long as...

by islamciv

Books

Books, Featured

Makkan Period: The Final Phase

Download the book Makkan Period: The Final Phase The Makkan Period of the Prophet’s ﷺ mission followed a clear and distinct path in pursuit of establishing Islam. This was...

July 4, 2021
Books, Featured

History of the Islamic State’s Institutions – Volume 1

Download History of the Islamic State’s Institutions – Volume 1 Introduction The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established the first Islamic State in Medina with a distinct structure (ajhizaat) that continued...

August 15, 2020
Books, fatiha, Tafseer

Tafseer of Sura Al-Fatiha by Dr Fadhel al-Samarrai

Download the book Tafseer Surah Fatiha This book contains a draft translation of Dr Fadhel al Samarrai’s tafseer of the opening chapter of the Qur’an and mother of the book,...

October 16, 2017
Books

History of the Caliphs Timeline

This timeline outlines the names of all the Caliphs. Later editions will also include important historical events that took place under each Caliph.

August 26, 2013

History

February 26, 2023

Migration to Abyssinia: Fleeing persecution or searching for a base for Islam?

This has been reproduced from Dr As-Sallabi’s seerah book The Noble life of the Prophet ﷺ. Scholars have mentioned...

by islamciv
February 11, 2022

A History of Islam in 10 Objects

Historical objects such as artefacts, manuscripts and buildings are one of the primary sources in the study of history....

by islamciv
December 4, 2021

How Muslims in the 19th century viewed the Caliphate

What follows are some extracts from the highly recommended book, ‘Islam in Victorian Liverpool: An Ottoman Account of Britain’s...

by islamciv
December 4, 2021

How to write to the Caliph in 1895 from the UK

On 3rd August 1895, Nafeesa Keep based in Liverpool, England wrote a letter to Sultan Abdulhamid II. The contents...

by islamciv
July 10, 2021

Tipu Sultan seeks legitimacy from the Ottoman Caliph

Tipu Sultan, was ruler of Mysore based in South India from 1782 to 1799. In 1784 Tipu Sultan sent...

by islamciv
February 20, 2021

Umar bin Abdul-Aziz: Reviver of the Rightly Guided Caliphate

1. Who is Umar bin Abdul-Aziz? Umar bin Abdul-Aziz (May have mercy on him) was a Caliph during the...

by islamciv
February 9, 2021

​”The Ottoman Empire lay at our feet dismembered and impotent, its capital...

​”The Ottoman Empire lay at our feet dismembered and impotent, its capital and Caliph at the mercy of our...

by islamciv
June 13, 2020

Leaders around the Messenger: Ubaadah ibn As-Saamit

From the first pledge of Al-Aqaba to the first naval expedition, a lifelong leader who Umar said, “is equivalent...

by islamciv

Ruling

February 5, 2026

What is an Islamic Society?

February 5, 2026

The Ummah’s Political Representatives (Ahlul hali wal...

February 5, 2026

4 ways of appointing a caliph

February 5, 2026

Bay’ah through Domination

February 5, 2026

Devolution in an Islamic State

February 5, 2026

Election of Amirs in the Prophet’s ﷺ State in Medina

February 5, 2026

Shura on Government Appointments

February 5, 2026

How is a caliphate divided up?

October 15, 2025

Rethinking the Wali Al-‘Ahd (Designated Successor)

October 6, 2025

Structure of an Islamic State: The Provinces

July 13, 2025

Structure of an Islamic State: The Dīwān

July 13, 2025

Structure of an Islamic State: The Executive Minister

July 13, 2025

Structure of an Islamic State: The Armed Forces

July 13, 2025

Structure of an Islamic State: The Wazir

July 13, 2025

Al-Mawardi’s Structure of an Islamic State

July 12, 2025

The Islamic State of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

July 12, 2025

Governing Structures in Pre-Islamic Arabia

July 12, 2025

The Three Branches of Government in Islam

February 17, 2025

Authority in an Islamic State

January 25, 2025

Hashim Kamali’s 12 Principles of Accountability

January 1, 2025

Rashid Rida: Obstacles to Making the Hijaz the Seat of the...

Beliefs

Beliefs, Featured

The Dangers of Religious Fanaticism

In this khutbah (sermon), Sheikh Yasir Qadhi tackles the subject of fanaticism, extremism and sectarianism which unfortunately we find among some sections of the Muslim Ummah today, especially those...

October 6, 2024
Beliefs

Allah is merciful to the believers at all points in their life and death

Introduction The Islamic Personality is a balanced personality. It is not extreme and it must contain both fear and hope for a believer to realise their full potential in...

July 2, 2024
Beliefs, Featured

If Allah is merciful how can He punish people?

by Ustadh Abu Yusuf If Allah is merciful how can He punish people?

November 2, 2019
Beliefs

Does the Qur’an say the earth is egg shaped?

REPRODUCED FROM THE SIBAWAY INSTITUTE Does the Qur’an describe the earth as being in the shape of an ostrich egg? وَالْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا “And after that He spread...

September 23, 2019
Beliefs, Featured

How does the linguistic style of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ differ to that of the Qur’an?

BY AHMED GAMAL This article has been reproduced from islamiqate.com In a Nutshell:  The linguistic and stylistic analyses show the Qur’an and the Hadith as two independently authored texts; each...

May 18, 2019
Beliefs, Featured

Understanding the linguistic miracle of the Qur’an

by Ustadh Abu Yusuf Understanding the linguistic miracle of the Qur’an

February 9, 2019
Beliefs, Featured

JESUS: Man, Messenger, Messiah

BY HAMZA TZORTZIS. Nearly two billion Christians and over 1.5 billion Muslims believe in him, yet Jesus is perhaps the most misunderstood and misrepresented person in history. This talk...

December 24, 2018
Beliefs, Featured

Sinéad O’Connor reverts to Islam: “They are the people guided by their Lord. They are the ones who have success.”

Sister Shudada’ Davitt (formerly Sinéad O’Connor) has accepted Islam saying ‘This is the natural conclusion of any intelligent theologian’s journey’. أُولٰئِكَ عَلىٰ هُدًى مِن رَبِّهِم ۖ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُفلِحونَ...

October 27, 2018
Beliefs

Dangers of Taking Ahad Hadith in to Aqeeda

This topic has caused much confusion in Islamic circles primarily because those discussing it have completely misunderstood the issue due to a weak understanding of usul ul-fiqh. Instead of...

March 30, 2017

Comment

December 15, 2024

Should we fear an Islamic Government in Syria?

October 13, 2023

10 Points on the Gaza Crisis

October 13, 2023

Gaza: Resistance and Betrayal with Sami Hamdi

May 25, 2023

The Power of Public Opinion

October 12, 2021

Pandora Papers: How Islam deals with government ...

May 16, 2021

The Role of Du’a in Liberating Palestine

November 19, 2020

“They desire to extinguish Allah’s Light with their mouths...

November 1, 2020

France vs Islam

October 23, 2020

Only an Islamic State can protect the honour of the Prophet...

October 19, 2020

Cartoons, insults, and martyrs to ‘free speech’

July 11, 2020

“Those who do wrong will soon know the kind of reversal they...

June 6, 2020

George Floyd: Time for a new conversation on racism

June 5, 2019

Is the Saudi Arabian Moonsighting for Eid al-Fitr 1440/2019...

March 15, 2019

Muslims massacred in New Zealand Terrorist Attack: “The...

September 17, 2018

De Gaulle: “What can I do if the Qur’an is greater...

August 11, 2018

Boris Burka Comments: “Hatred has appeared out of their...

June 30, 2018

Podcast Review — Caliphate

May 16, 2018

Ramadan in Ottoman Jerusalem vs Occupied Jerusalem

April 6, 2018

Islam: Tough on Crime, Tough on the Causes of Crime

March 3, 2018

3rd March 1924 – 94 years without the Caliphate

January 25, 2018

Britain cannot PREVENT crime because ‘obeying the law’ is...

Foreign Policy

March 13, 2024

The protection granted by one Muslim is binding on everyone in the state

This is an extract from the book Al-Jihad wa’l Qital fi as-Siyasa ash-Shar’iyya by Sheikh Muhammad Khayr Haykal, chapter...

by islamciv
March 10, 2024

What happened when Khalid ibn al-Walid broke the laws of war with Banu Jadheemah...

A controversial expedition took place after the conquest of Makkah, when Khalid ibn al-Walid was sent on a mission...

by islamciv
February 24, 2024

Liberation of Jerusalem: Salahudeen’s mercy towards the Crusaders

Salahudin Ayubi liberated Jerusalem (Al-Quds) on Friday 27 Rajab 583 AH/12 October 1187 CE after Lord Balian of Ibelin,...

by islamciv
February 19, 2024

Islamic Conquest of Damascus: Rule of law at the height of war

ذِمَّةُ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى ِبهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ “The protection granted by one Muslim is like one given by them all,...

by islamciv
July 3, 2020

The Global Vision of the Early Muslims

BY ABU YUSUF الٓمٓ  غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ “Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated” (Ar-Rum, 30:1-2) Most commentators of...

by islamciv
February 27, 2020

The First Muslim Navy: Sailing on the Sea Like Kings on Thrones

The establishment of the first Muslim navy during the Caliphate of Uthman bin Affan, offers a fascinating insight in...

by islamciv
September 29, 2019

Is Reciting Surah Al-Fil the Solution to Kashmir?

Recently, a curious message has been doing the rounds on social media requesting Muslims to recite Surah al-Fil in...

by islamciv
September 14, 2019

Conquest of Egypt: The Coptic Ruler’s daughter said: “I feel that my life and...

When Allah enabled the Muslims to conquer Bilbeis in Egypt, they found therein the daughter of the Egyptian ruler...

by islamciv
July 11, 2019

UK Muslim Scholars: “Jerusalem will be the capital of the Islamic Caliphate...

This has been reproduced from 5PILLARS. A group of Muslim scholars from the UK have issued a powerful statement...

by islamciv
January 26, 2019

Learning from the Conquest of the Indian Subcontinent

BY ABID SAIED Whenever the history of the Indian Subcontinent is discussed, it is hard not to mention Muhammad...

by islamciv

Non-Muslims in the Caliphate

December 15, 2024

Christians in 1970s Syria

This is an excerpt from John McHugo’s ‘Syria: A Recent History’ where he describes his experiences with the Christian...

by islamciv
October 5, 2024

Fanaticism breeds a hatred of kindness and compassion

By Yasir Qadhi  When people start going down the dark road of extremism, not only does one cease to...

by islamciv
December 17, 2023

Jews in the Ottoman Caliphate

This article has been reproduced from caliphate1.com In 1492, when Spain’s rulers (Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I...

by islamciv
April 4, 2021

The early Abbasid Caliphate through the eyes of a non-Muslim

The Battle of Talas took place in 751CE between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang dynasty. In the...

by islamciv

Economy

December 3, 2022

Contracts in Islam

Wael b. Hallaq says, “In fiqh, contracts do not stand as a separate category, in the manner, say, American or...

by islamciv
September 13, 2022

Pakistan: A Solution to an Ailing Economy

This article has been reproduced from Prophetic Economics Regarding the Current Economic Situation in Pakistan, it is vital to appreciate...

by islamciv
September 13, 2022

The Fiqh of Transitioning to the Gold & Silver Standard

This article has been reproduced from Prophetic Economics The following are answers to several questions related to the future...

by islamciv
April 29, 2022

Islamic Monetary Policy in light of Pakistan’s ban on riba (interest)

The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) of Pakistan announced on April 28th 2022 that the current interest-based banking system is...

by islamciv

Tafseer

Featured, Tafseer

Rhetorical Perceptions in Surah Al-Humazah

This is a translation from Dr Fadhel Saleh Al-Samarra’i’s لَمَسات بَيانِيَّة لِسُوَر القُرْآن الكَرِيم ‘Rhetorical Perceptions in the Surahs of the Holy Qur’an.’ Dr Fadhel (b.1933) is a former...

October 13, 2025
Featured, Tafseer

Rhetorical Perceptions in the Final 10 Chapters of the Qur’an

This is a translation from Dr Fadhel Saleh Al-Samarra’i’s لَمَسات بَيانِيَّة لِسُوَر القُرْآن الكَرِيم ‘Rhetorical Perceptions in the Surahs of the Holy Qur’an.’ Dr Fadhel (b.1933) is a former...

August 2, 2025
Featured, Tafseer

Unlocking the secrets of Surah Al-Ikhlas

The Qur’an is the speech of Allah, the Creator and Originator of the universe and everything within. The miraculous nature of the Qur’an is in its language, because Qur’anic...

March 24, 2025

RSS Feed

Caliphate, Featured, War and Peace

War and Peace in Islam: Citizenship and residency visas

Continuing our series on war and peace in Islam, there is confusion over the classical ‘covenant of security’ and when it applies and when it breaks. This will be continued...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

How is a caliphate divided up?

A caliphate is essentially a group of emirates, states or provinces which are bound together by the bay’ah ruling contract with its ruler – the caliph. The Caliphate from its initial...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

Shura on Government Appointments

Shura is a principle of ruling Shura (consultation) is a key principle of the Islamic Ruling System and underpins all the institutions of the state. In order for the...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

Election of Amirs in the Prophet’s ﷺ State in Medina

The 12 Naqibs The Aws and Khazraj tribes whom Islam united together as the Ansar (helpers), were sub-divided into various clans who managed their own administrative affairs as devolved...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

Devolution in an Islamic State

Devolution is the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to a local or regional administration. This is different to a federal state...

February 5, 2026
baya, Caliphate, Featured

Bay’ah through Domination

The last way of appointing a caliph by the ummah is where a usurper or dominant sultan takes power by force. Since the ummah in origin has not consented...

February 5, 2026
baya, Caliphate, Featured

4 ways of appointing a caliph

Dr. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili (d.2015) mentions four ways of appointing a caliph. He says, “The Fuqaha’ of Islam have mentioned four ways in respect to the manner of appointing the highest ruler...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

The Ummah’s Political Representatives (Ahlul hali wal-aqd)?

What is the Ahlul hali wal-aqd? The sharia texts related to the bay’ah are ‘aam (general) in their address by use of the relative pronoun مَنْ which translates as whoever.[1] They therefore include the...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

What is an Islamic Society?

Society is defined as “a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to...

February 5, 2026
Caliphate, Featured, War and Peace

War and Peace in Islam: War is Deception

Continuing our series on war and peace in Islam, there is a clear difference between deception in war and treachery. Some may argue that since war is deception then it’s...

February 5, 2026

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