The Makkan Period of the Prophet’s ﷺ mission followed a clear and distinct path in pursuit of establishing Islam. This was finally achieved after 13 gruelling years in Makkah where the Prophet ﷺ and sahaba faced torture, propaganda and boycott by the Quraysh trying to stop the daw’ah and the victory of Islam. The final culmination of the Makkan period was the Hijra to Madeenah and the establishment of the first Islamic State. 1.   THE ORDER TO MIGRATE Date: Thursday 1st Rabi’ Al-Awwal, 14th year of prophethood (Year 1 Hijri) On Thursday 1st Rabi’ al-Awwal[1], at midday which was a time in Makkah when most people were indoors due to the blazing hot sun, the Prophet ﷺ, heavily veiled made his way through the Makkan streets to the house of Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr and his family were not expecting him and were surprised at his visit but as Abu Bakr said, “I swear, he can only have come at this time for one thing!” A’isha narrates that, when he ﷺ came in, Abu Bakr …

Please note that this book is currently undergoing a revision. Introduction As the 10,000 strong army of the Prophet ﷺ marched into Makkah, Abu Sufyan stood alongside Al-Abbas watching the vast numbers of soldiers as they passed by. Abu Sufyan said to Al-Abbas, “By Allah, O Abu al-Fadl, the kingdom (mulk) of your nephew has become truly great this morning!” I said: “O Abu Sufyan, it is prophethood.” He said: “Yes, indeed.” The emergence of the first Islamic State in 622CE went unnoticed at first by the Sassanid and Byzantine empires. The Persians and Romans were fighting each other in a major war, and so their focus was not on the nomadic Arabs who had never previously posed any type of threat to their empires. John Saunders says, “Once and once only, did the tide of nomadism flow vigorously out of Arabia. Bedouin raids on the towns and villages of Syria and Iraq had been going on since the dawn of history, and, occasionally an Arab tribe would set up a semi-civilized kingdom on the edge of the desert, as the Nabataeans …