This is based on an excerpt from the book Questions on Kingship, by Professor Muḥammad al-Mas’ari produced by the Renascence Foundation. It seems that Allah mentions kings and kingship in the Qur’an in a positive way, saying they are a ni’mah (blessing) or a divine favour. For example, Allah says, وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ يَـٰقَوْمِ ٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنۢبِيَآءَ وَجَعَلَكُم مُّلُوكًۭا وَءَاتَىٰكُم مَّا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَدًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ And ˹remember˺ when Moses said to his people, “O my people! Remember Allah’s favours upon you when He raised prophets from among you, made you kings and gave you what He had never given anyone in the world.”[1] Does this mean Islam has approved of kingship and monarchy as some modern jurists have said, and hence the Caliphate could be considered a monarchical form of government? Sheikh al-Mas’ari says, It may be of assistance to begin the answer to this question with reference to the meaning of the words مُلْك mulk, مَلِك malik and مُلُوك muluk. Broadly speaking, the first meaning (mulk) relates …

This is an excerpt from the book Adab al-Dunya wa al-Din (The Ethics of Religion and of this World) by the famous jurist, chief justice and statesmen of the Abbasid Khilafah Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi (972-1058CE). Al-Mawardi says, “Know that there are six principles by which the world is reformed (islah), so that its affairs become organised and well managed. They are: The First Principle – followed religion This is a religion (deen) that enjoys the people’s adherence because it disinclines the hearts from following their low passions. It exerts a powerful influence on people’s inner thoughts, and watches over their hearts when they are all alone and counsels them during difficult rimes. This is not possible without a religion (that enjoys adherence). People cannot enjoy wellbeing except with a religion that they can comply with. Religion is the strongest principle for the wellbeing of the world, and one of the most beneficial elements that contribute to functioning order and security in the world. Therefore, Allah did not deprive the human beings since He created them …

This article is based on an excerpt from the book مُحاسَبَة الحُكّام ‘Accounting the Rulers’ by Prof. Dr. Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Masari.[1] Sheikh Al-Massari says, “This chapter contains a collection of blessed authentic hadiths that strictly prohibit torture, beatings, slapping the face, and even mere intimidation. These hadiths establish conclusive evidence against the injustice of the current rulers who continue to torture, oppress and harass their people. We will present each narration in turn without discussing their authenticity at length, as the scholars have already undertaken this great task. Most of the hadiths were compiled by Al-Bukhari in “Al-Jami’ Al-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar” or in “Al-Adab Al-Mufrad”, and Al-Albani judged them to be authentic (saheeh) and good (hasan) in his book Sahih Al-Adab Al-Mufrad by Imam Al-Bukhari.” Contents Your blood, your wealth, your honor and your bodies are sacred عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ ‏”‏ أَلاَ تَدْرُونَ أَىُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ‏.‏ قَالَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏”‏ أَلَيْسَ بِيَوْمِ النَّحْرِ ‏”‏‏.‏ قُلْنَا …

This is an excerpt from Ibn Taymiyyah’s as-Siyasah ash-Shari’ah fi Islah ar-Ra’i war-Ra’iyah. It should be known that the exercise of authority[1] (for the benefit) of the people is (one) of the greatest religious duties. Neither deen nor world order may be established without it. The children of Adam cannot ensure the realization of their (common) interest except by meeting together, because every one of them is in need of every other one, and when they meet together, it is inevitable for them to have a head (rais رَأْس), so the Prophet ﷺ said: إِذَا خَرَجَ ثَلاَثَةٌ فِي سَفَرٍ فَلْيُؤَمِّرُوا أَحَدَهُمْ “If three of them were on a journey, they should choose one of them as Amir (leader).”[2] Imam Ahmad has related in his Musnad on the authority of ‘Abdullah Ibn Amr that the Prophet ﷺ has said: لَا يَحِلُّ لِثَلَاثَةٍ يَكُونُونَ بِفَلَاةٍ مِنْ الْأَرْضِ إلَّا أَمَّرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ أَحَدَهُم “If three (of you) are in a desolate tract of land, one of you must be the Amir.” The Prophet ﷺ has thereby enjoined that even …