In answer to this there are two factors that need to be considered for someone to be suitable for a ruling position in the Caliphate – capability and strength of ideology. Capability to Rule Capability in carrying out the task of ruling is an explicit shar’i (Iegal) condition for the Caliph, Assistants (mu’awinoon) and the governors (wulah).
Amr ibn Al-‘As was commander of the army sent to conquer Egypt during the Caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab. After the conquest Amr became Egypt’s first Islamic governor (wali). The Muslim forces laid siege to the Babylon Fortress in 641CE (in the area known as Coptic Cairo today) where al-Muqawqis, the Egyptian Ruler was holed up. General Amr ibn Al-‘As sent a delegation of ten men, headed by Ubadah ibn as-Samit, to speak with al-Muqawqis.
Narrated by Ibn ‘Asaakir, from Maseerah b. Jaleese, where he heard the Prophet ﷺ: “This matter (the Khilafah) will continue after me in Al-Madina, then (move to) Al-Shaam, then to the peninsula, then to Iraq, then to the city, then to Bait-ul-Maqdis. So if it reaches Bait-ul-Maqdis, then it would have reached its (natural resting place); and no people who remove it (i.e. the capital of the Khilafah) from their land will ever get it back again (for them to be the capital again).”
In most Muslim countries today the ruler and his extended family are some of the wealthiest individuals in the nation and in some instances even the world. According to the official 2006 Forbes rich list of world leaders, the top three richest leaders are in Muslim countries.
The position of non-Muslims living under Islamic rule (dhimmi) is a widely misunderstood topic. Those wishing to attack Islam and its systems portray Islam’s treatment of the dhimmi as worse than its treatment of animals. Historical incidents where dhimmi suffered persecution at particular times are generalised and quoted out of context in order to back up their claims.
There are three reasons the Caliph cannot be removed by the army in a Caliphate. 1- The army is cultured in the Islamic ideology which it works to protect and propagate. Islam is the sole reason for its existence and what gives it motivation and life. يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ “O you who believe! Respond to Allah and to the Messenger when He calls you to what will bring you to life!” (Al-Anfaal, 8:24)
It is a contractual condition for the Caliph to be upright/just/trustworthy (‘Adl) and it is not allowed for him to be a transgressor (fasiq). The evidence for this contractual condition is from the Qu’ran where Allah سبحانه وتعالى stipulates that a witness must be upright.
There are seven contractual conditions that must be fulfilled before someone can become a Caliph of the Muslims. One of these is maturity i.e. above the age of puberty. The evidence for this is from the sunnah.
There is no dispute that the burial of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the best man who ever lived and greatest of all the prophets, was delayed. However, confusion may arise over the reasons for this delay and how to view the Sahabah’s actions who collectively consented to this delay. When answering this question it’s important we base our answer on textual evidence and not cite reasons from our minds.
Israel once again bombs the men, women and children of Gaza. Predictably the rulers in the Muslim world give their usual lip service condemnation. Egypt’s Mohamed Mursi said, “The Israelis must realize that we don’t accept this aggression and that it can only lead to instability in the region.” But like his predecessor Mubarak, Mursi indeed accepts this aggression by refusing to take any concrete action such as tearing up the 1979 peace treaty or sending the army in to Sinai to annex Gaza back to Egypt.
Islamic Civilization 