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May 26, 2025

Caliphate Rayah v2

Islamic History: Battle of the Masts

The early Islamic conquests have always perplexed western historians. How was it possible for the desert Arabs, who were viewed by the Persian and Byzantine empires as insignificant, and...

March 1, 2026

Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

The meaning of Sultan, Jamā’ah and Ulu al-amr

Authority is defined as “the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.”[1] In our discussion here, we are using authority in the context of government and ruling...

March 1, 2026

baya, Caliphate, Featured

Legitimate authority in Islam

The famous sociologist Max Weber (d.1920) defines authority as “the probability that a specific command will be obeyed.”[1] He then goes on to discuss three types of legitimate authority.[2] 1- Traditional...

March 1, 2026

Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

Shura is a principle of the Islamic ruling system

One of the principles of the Islamic ruling system, and a mark of a rightly guided caliphate is shura (شُورَىٰ). In Arabic “The pivotal meaning [of shura] is to extract what...

March 1, 2026

Countries, Featured, Türkiye

Role of Sufism in Islamicising Türkiye

The transformation of Türkiye under Erdogan and the AKP away from extreme secular values has been dramatic and something I have personally witnessed. During the 90s Muslims were leaving...

March 1, 2026

Caliphate, Featured, Ruling

The Objective of State and Authority in Islam

State and authority in Islam is not an end in itself, but a means to an end which is to establish justice so that people can freely worship Allah,...

March 1, 2026

Caliphate, Featured, History, Non-Muslims

Islamic History: Church of Holy Sepulchre

The Church of Holy Sepulchre is in the Christian quarter of Jerusalem and is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. Dating from the 4th century it predates the...

February 28, 2026

Featured, History

Islamic History: Hejaz railway

In 1908 a new railway opened from Damascus to Madinah for use by the pilgrims travelling for hajj. Faced with growing disunity across the provinces of the Ottoman Khilafah,...

February 28, 2026

Featured, History

Islamic History: Letter of Gratitude from the Irish to the Ottomans

In 1845, the onset of the Great Irish Famine resulted in over a million deaths. The Ottoman Sultan at the time, Khaleefah Abdul-Mejid I declared his intention to send...

February 28, 2026

Featured, History

Islamic History: Ahdnama

The Ahdnama is a treaty between Sultan Mehmet II (Al-Fatih) and the Bosnian Franciscan Christians of the Catholic Church in 1463. The Ahdnama is a clear and definitive historical record of the rights...

February 28, 2026

Islamic Civilization

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